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For purposes of legal description, sections are further divided into fractions, such as half-sections (320 acres), quarter-sections (160 acres), Within each township, Sections are numbered from 1 to 36 beginning in the northeast corner, counting west to Section 6, then down to Section 7 and back east to Section 12, following a back and forth course to Section 36 in the southeastern-most corner of each township. Each square mile is called a “section,” and contains 640 acres. These sections usually contain more or less than the 640 acres in a normal section.Ī township is six miles square (6 mi. Discrepancies of closure between the interior section line and exterior boundary line surveys are adjusted. The north and west tiers of sections of the township are closing sections. To maintain a precise six-mile width, and to preserve the square shape of a township, range lines jog outward at each quadrangle (24 miles) so that they are again six miles apart. Because no surveys at that time had been extended west of the Continental Divide, a new meridian and a new baseline were established with no connection to the GSS.īecause of the curvature of the earth, the meridians and north-south ranges converge as they extend toward the North Pole.
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These non-standard reference lines were implemented to expedite a survey in support of a plan to settle Ute Indians in and around what was later to become the city of Grand Junction. Also, certain portions of Mesa and Delta Counties in Western Colorado are measured from the Ute Meridian (located just east of Grand Junction) as the north-south survey line and an arbitrary baseline. The New Mexico principal meridian and the New Mexico baseline as a starting point.
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However, several counties in Southwestern Colorado were surveyed using Most of Colorado was surveyed in relation to the 6th principal meridian and 40 degrees latitude baseline. This line is an extension of the Kansas-Nebraska border, and runs just north of the city of Brighton in Adams County. In most of Colorado, the main baseline lies approximately on the 40 degree parallel or line of latitude. An east-west row of townships is a “tier” or township and is numbered sequentially north or south from its baseline. The centerline of Colorado Boulevard in Denver is exactly 402 miles west of the 6th principal meridian. In most of Colorado, ranges are numbered west from the 6th principal meridian, located near Lincoln, Nebraska. Columns of townships are called ranges, and are numbered sequentially east or west of one of 36 principal meridians. The largest squares measure 24 miles on each side and are called “quadrangles.” Each quadrangle is further divided into 16 squares called “townships” whose boundaries each measure six miles. The object of the government survey was to create a checkerboard of identical squares covering a given area. This system was not used within the area of the original colonies in America, where land locations were made in irregular form and without any orderly plan. By this time the system was well established it now extends westward to the Pacific Ocean. The second survey started in Indiana about 1810.
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Ohio was the testing ground for the rectangular survey system and some changes were made in the law as a result of experience gained there. Under this law, the first surveys took place in the State of Ohio. Thomas Jefferson authored a plan that was adopted by Congress in modified form on May 20, 1785. Soon after the Revolutionary War ended and new areas were added to the public domain, it became apparent to our government’s leaders that a plan must be worked out for selling and locating lands in the western territory. The United States Governmental Survey System United States Governmental Survey System (GSS), also known as the “rectangular survey system,” The more common methods of land description are:ġ. Numerous methods of description have been developed for the purpose of achieving greater accuracy and precision in identifying the land. While the location of land is commonly referred to by street number and city, it is necessary to use the legal description in the preparation of those instruments relating to the title and use of real estate. An * in the left margin indicates a change in the statute, rule or text since the last publication of the manual.